A persistent cough that refuses to go away can be more than just a seasonal irritation — it might be a sign of an underlying condition that needs medical attention. Chronic cough, typically defined as a cough lasting more than 8 weeks, is a common complaint in Gurgaon, and understanding its causes is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment. Dr. Shivanshu Raj Goyal, best pulmonologist in Gurgaon, shares insights into the top causes of chronic cough and how timely medical evaluation can lead to lasting relief.

1. Post-Nasal Drip (Upper Airway Cough Syndrome)

One of the most common causes of chronic cough is post-nasal drip, also known as upper airway cough syndrome. It occurs when excess mucus from the nose or sinuses drips down the back of the throat, triggering the cough reflex.

Causes:

• Allergies (dust, pollen, mold)

• Sinus infections

• Weather changes

• Exposure to pollution

Symptoms:

• Frequent throat clearing

• Sensation of mucus in the throat

• Cough that worsens when lying down

Treatment:
Antihistamines, nasal sprays, and identifying allergy triggers can help manage this condition effectively.

2. Asthma

Chronic cough is often the only symptom in a type of asthma known as “cough-variant asthma.” In Gurgaon’s urban environment, triggers such as pollution, seasonal changes, and allergens often lead to asthma flare-ups.

Symptoms:

• Dry or wheezing cough

• Cough worsens at night or early morning

• Shortness of breath during physical activity

Treatment:
Bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids are commonly prescribed. Identifying and avoiding triggers is equally important.

3. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

GERD is a digestive disorder where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, irritating the throat and causing a chronic cough.

Symptoms:

• Cough that worsens after meals or when lying down

• Heartburn or acid taste in the mouth

• Hoarseness or sore throat

Treatment:
Lifestyle changes like avoiding spicy or fatty foods, not lying down after eating, and medications such as antacids or proton pump inhibitors help control GERD-related cough.

4. Chronic Bronchitis and COPD

With rising pollution and increasing smoking rates in urban areas like Gurgaon, chronic bronchitis and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) are becoming common culprits of persistent cough.

Symptoms:

• Productive cough with mucus

• Shortness of breath

• Wheezing

At-Risk Individuals:

• Smokers

• Industrial workers

• Elderly individuals

Treatment:
Smoking cessation, inhaled bronchodilators, pulmonary rehabilitation, and oxygen therapy in advanced cases.

5. Tuberculosis (TB)

Despite medical advances, TB remains a significant concern in India. Chronic cough with sputum, sometimes mixed with blood, can be an early warning sign.

Symptoms:

• Persistent cough (more than 3 weeks)

• Night sweats

• Weight loss and fatigue

• Fever

Treatment:
A complete anti-tubercular treatment (ATT) regimen as prescribed by a pulmonologist is essential. Early diagnosis significantly improves outcomes.

6. Environmental Factors in Gurgaon

Dr. Shivanshu Goyal highlights that Gurgaon’s air quality plays a major role in the increasing cases of chronic respiratory issues. High levels of PM2.5, dust from construction sites, vehicular emissions, and seasonal smog contribute to lung irritation and prolonged coughing.

Tips to Protect Lungs:

• Use N95 masks during high-pollution days

• Use air purifiers at home

• Avoid morning outdoor walks during smoggy conditions

• Stay hydrated and maintain indoor humidity

7. Medications (ACE Inhibitor-induced Cough)

Certain medications, especially ACE inhibitors used for hypertension, can cause a chronic dry cough as a side effect.

What to Do:
If you suspect your medication is causing a cough, consult your physician. Switching to alternative medications can resolve the issue.

8. Lung Cancer

While less common, a chronic cough could sometimes signal a more serious condition like lung cancer, especially in older adults or smokers.

Warning Signs:

• Persistent cough

• Chest pain

• Coughing up blood

• Unexplained weight loss

Diagnosis:
Chest X-ray, CT scan, and bronchoscopy are typically used to rule out malignancy.

When to Consult a Pulmonologist?

According to Dr. Shivanshu Raj Goyal, you should not ignore a cough if:

• It lasts more than 3–4 weeks

• You are coughing up blood

• It is associated with weight loss, fever, or breathlessness

• You have underlying conditions like asthma or diabetes

Dr. Shivanshu Raj Goyal: Your Trusted Pulmonologist in Gurgaon

With years of experience and expertise in managing complex respiratory conditions, Dr. Shivanshu Goyal has earned the reputation of being the best pulmonologist in Gurgaon. He specializes in diagnosing chronic cough, asthma, COPD, tuberculosis, and other pulmonary disorders using a patient-centered and evidence-based approach.

Lifestyle Tips to Manage Chronic Cough

1. Stay Hydrated – Water helps thin mucus.

2. Quit Smoking – The most effective step for long-term lung health.

3. Avoid Irritants – Dust, perfumes, cold air, and pollution.

4. Use a Humidifier – Helps keep airways moist.

5. Follow Prescribed Treatment – Regular checkups and timely tests are crucial.

Final Thoughts

Chronic cough can significantly affect your quality of life, disrupt sleep, and lead to fatigue. But with the right diagnosis and expert care, it can be effectively treated. If you or a loved one has been struggling with a persistent cough, don’t delay — consult Dr. Shivanshu Raj Goyal, the best pulmonologist in Gurgaon, and breathe easy again.